Home / My Tutorials / JavaScript / Event Object :: JavaScript Tutorial

Event Object :: JavaScript Tutorial

July 23, 2010 16

Hello All …

Hope to enjoy the most enjoyable activity .i.e development 🙂 I love it … really love it.

Today i will try to explain something related to the javascript event object. By using JavaScript, we have the ability to create dynamic web pages. Events are actions that can be detected by JavaScript.

Every element on a web page has certain events which can trigger a JavaScript. For example, we can use the onClick event of a button element to indicate that a function will run when a user clicks on the button. We define the events in the HTML tags.

Examples of events:

A mouse click
A web page or an image loading
Mousing over a hot spot on the web page
Selecting an input field in an HTML form
Submitting an HTML form
A keystroke

Note: Events are normally used in combination with functions, and the function will not be executed before the event occurs!

I will give you some example scripts for reading out event properties. There are very serious browser incompatibilities in this area.

As soon as we want to read out information about the event, we’re inundated by an immense amount of properties, most of which do not work in most browsers. See the Event compatibility tables for a quick overview or the W3C DOM Compatibility – Events page for a complete overview.

I am not going to give an alphabetical list of properties, since it wouldn’t help a bit to make you understand all this — the situation is too confusing. Instead, I’ve written five scripts to ask five questions of the browser.

What is the type of the event?
Which HTML element is the target of the event?
Which key was pressed during the event?
Which mouse button was pressed during the event?
What was the mouse position during the event?

Please note that in these scripts I’ve been very strict in my object detection. I first create cross-browser event access, then I check if the browser supports each individual property before using it.

What is the type of the event?

This is the only question with a true cross-browser answer: use the typeproperty to read out the type:

function doSomething(e) {
	if (!e) var e = window.event;
	alert(e.type);
}

Which HTML element is the target of the event?

W3C/Netscape says: the target. No, says Microsoft, the srcElement. Both properties return the HTML element the event took place on.

function doSomething(e) {
	var targ;
	if (!e) var e = window.event;
	if (e.target) targ = e.target;
	else if (e.srcElement) targ = e.srcElement;
	if (targ.nodeType == 3) // defeat Safari bug
		targ = targ.parentNode;
}

The last two lines of code are especially for Safari. If an event takes place on an element that contains text, this text node, and not the element, becomes the target of the event. Therefore we check if the target’snodeType is 3, a text node. If it is we move to its parent node, the HTML element.

Even if an event is captured or bubbles up, the target/srcElement always remains the element the event took place on.

Other targets

There are some more targeting properties. I discuss currentTarget on the Event order page and relatedTarget, fromElement and toElement on the Mouse events page.

Which key has been pressed?

This one is relatively easy. First get the code of the key (a = 65) from thekeyCode property.

When you’ve read out the key code, send it through the methodString.fromCharCode() to obtain the actual key value, if necessary.

function doSomething(e) {
	var code;
	if (!e) var e = window.event;
	if (e.keyCode) code = e.keyCode;
	else if (e.which) code = e.which;
	var character = String.fromCharCode(code);
	alert('Character was ' + character);
}

There are some subtleties that may make the key events hard to use. For instance, the keypress event fires as long as the user keeps the key pressed. However, in most browsers the keydown event also keeps firing as long as the key is pressed. I’m not sure this is a good idea, but it’s what happens.

Which mouse button has been clicked?

There are two properties for finding out which mouse button has been clicked: which and button. Please note that these properties don’t always work on a click event. To safely detect a mouse button you have to use the mousedown or mouseup events.

which is an old Netscape property. The left button gives a value of 1, the middle button (mouse wheel) gives 2, the right button gives 3. No problems, except its meagre support (and the fact that it’s also used for key detection).

Now button has been fouled up beyond all recognition. According to W3C, its values should be:

Left button – 0
Middle button – 1
Right button – 2

According to Microsoft, its values should be:

Left button – 1
Middle button – 4
Right button – 2

No doubt the Microsoft model is better than W3C’s. 0 should mean “no button pressed”, anything else is illogical.

Besides, only in the Microsoft model button values can be combined, so that 5 would mean “left and middle button”. Not even Explorer 6 actually supports this yet, but in the W3C model such a combination istheoretically impossible: you can never know whether the left button was also clicked.

In my opinion W3C has made some serious mistakes in defining button.

Right click

Fortunately you most often want to know if the right button has been clicked. Since W3C and Microsoft happen to agree on this one and givebutton a value of 2, you can still detect a right click.

function doSomething(e) {
	var rightclick;
	if (!e) var e = window.event;
	if (e.which) rightclick = (e.which == 3);
	else if (e.button) rightclick = (e.button == 2);
	alert('Rightclick: ' + rightclick); // true or false
}

Please note that, although Macs have only one mouse button, Mozilla gives a Ctrl–Click a button value of 2, since Ctrl–Click also brings up the context menu. iCab doesn’t yet support mouse button properties at all and you cannot yet detect a right–click in Opera.

Mouse position

As to the mouse position, the situation is horrible. Although there are no less than six mouse coordinates property pairs, there is no reliable cross–browser way to find the mouse coordinates relative to the document we need.

These are the six property pairs — see also the Event compatibility tables or the W3C DOM Compatibility – Events page.

clientX,clientY
layerX,layerY
offsetX,offsetY
pageX,pageY
screenX,screenY
x,y

I explained the problem, W3C’s vagueness and the use of pageX/Y andclientX/Y in my slightly outdated Evolt article.

The screenX and screenY properties are the only ones that are completely cross–browser compatible. They give the mouse position relative to the entire computer screen of the user. Unfortunately this information is completely useless: you never need to know the mouse position relative to the screen — well, maybe only if you want to place another window at the mouse position.

The other three property pairs are unimportant. See the W3C DOM Compatibility – Events page for a description.

Correct script

This is the correct script for detecting the mouse coordinates:

function doSomething(e) {
	var posx = 0;
	var posy = 0;
	if (!e) var e = window.event;
	if (e.pageX || e.pageY) 	{
		posx = e.pageX;
		posy = e.pageY;
	}
	else if (e.clientX || e.clientY) 	{
		posx = e.clientX + document.body.scrollLeft
			+ document.documentElement.scrollLeft;
		posy = e.clientY + document.body.scrollTop
			+ document.documentElement.scrollTop;
	}
	// posx and posy contain the mouse position relative to the document
	// Do something with this information
}

happy development 🙂 have nice time …